Kubera ko igitutu kigenda cyiyongera ku mutungo n’ibidukikije mu gihugu cyacu, inzego za leta zatanze intego zo “kugera ku majyambere arambye, kubaka umutungo uzigama umutungo ndetse n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije” no “kugabanya 20% by’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu no kugabanya 10% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nk'uko byagenwe muri gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu”. Mu Bushinwa,castingigira uruhare runini mu nganda zikora imashini, hamwe no gutunganya umusaruro wa mbere ku isi mu myaka itandatu ikurikiranye. Hariho inganda zirenga 27000, muri zo, usibye inganda nini nini zifite ikoranabuhanga rya casting zateye imbere, ibikoresho byiza by’umusaruro, hamwe n’ingamba z’ibanze zo kurengera ibidukikije, ibigo byinshi by’abakinnyi biracyafite tekinoloji y’inganda zashaje, ibikoresho bishaje bishaje, n’ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije bitashyizwe kuri gahunda y’akazi.
Inganda zikora inganda mu gihugu cyacu zihura n’ibibazo bikomeye mu kurengera ibidukikije. Nk’uko raporo zibitangaza, 80% kugeza 95% by'Ubushinwacastinginganda zikoresha cyane cyane kubumba intoki, kandi munsi ya 5% yumubare w’itanura riturika rifite ibikoresho byiza byo kurengera ibidukikije. Kurenga 80% byinganda zikora casting zifite aho zihurira nibidukikije, imiterere mibi yakazi, ikoranabuhanga risubira inyuma, hamwe nuburyo bunini bwo gukora. Dufatiye ku miterere y’inganda zikora, inganda zifite imirima yo guteramo cyangwa amahugurwa ayobowe n’uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa, kimwe n’inganda zikora umwuga hamwe n’inganda nyinshi zo mu mujyi. Ukurikije urwego rwumusaruro nubunini, hariho ibishingwe binini bifite imashini nini, tekinoroji igezweho, hamwe numwaka wa toni ibihumbi icumi byacasting, kimwe n’ibishingwe bito bifite ibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yintoki, tekinoroji itajyanye n'igihe, hamwe numusaruro wumwaka wa toni zirenga ijana za casting. Mu myaka yashize, kubera ingaruka z’ingufu, ibidukikije, n’ibiciro by’umurimo, umusaruro w’abakinnyi mu bihugu byateye imbere mu nganda z’inganda zo mu Burengerazuba wagabanutse, kandi buhoro buhoro bahindukirira ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kugira ngo bagure ibicuruzwa rusange, mu gihe kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite ubumenyi buhanitse kandi byongerewe agaciro mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Kugeza ubu, kwihuta kw’ubukungu bw’isi yose bitanga amahirwe n’ingorabahizi mu iterambere ry’inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa. Ibisabwa ku bakinnyi b’abashinwa haba ku masoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu birerekana iterambere rirambye.
Ibikoresho byo guta,guta umucanga gutunganya
Ukurikije urwego rugezweho rwikoranabuhanga rya casting nibibazo nyamukuru mubushinwa, iyi ngingo irasobanura inzira zifatika zo kugera kuri "casting green and ibidukikije" uhereye kumpande zikurikira:
1.Iterambere ryibipimo ngenderwaho byinganda zikora inganda zikora inganda zirimo tekinoroji yibanze nkibishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa nuburyo bukoreshwa, tekinoroji yo gukoresha ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora nibikoresho byikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji yo kugerageza, ikoranabuhanga ryikora, nibindi. ibintu byo gukoresha ingufu, umutungo, no gusohora imyanda ihumanya n’imyanda, tekinoroji y’icyatsi kibisi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu buryo bwo guhindura ibikoresho fatizo n’ibikoresho bifasha (inyongeramusaruro) mu guta (umusaruro w’ingirakamaro), bityo ukagera ku musaruro nyawo “w’icyatsi kibisi kandi cyangiza ibidukikije” Simbuza ibikoresho fatizo gakondo hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho bibisi bisukuye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa; ④ Kwemeza ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, ryihuse kandi ryukuri kandi rigenzura, kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kurandura cyangwa kugabanya imyanda yo guta, kunoza umusaruro w’amavuta, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’umwanda uterwa no gutahura igihe cyangwa bidahwitse, no kugera kuri “casting icyatsi n’ibidukikije”; Kwemeza iherezo ryingirakamaro kandi ryiza rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya imiyoboro kugirango igabanye imyuka ihumanya ibidukikije. Usibye gutanga ibyifuzo bya tekiniki kubintu byavuzwe haruguru, birakenewe kandi guhuza imiterere yigihugu yinganda zikora inganda zubushinwa, kugirango ibigo bishobore gushyiraho gahunda nziza yimiyoborere myiza (ihendutse, ikora neza) kugirango igere kumyuka yanyuma yujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu.
2. Guhera kubintu bitandukanye nka tekinoroji yo gukina, ibikoresho byo kubumba, nibikoresho byo guta
Ibihe byo kurengera ibidukikije mu nganda zikora inganda mu Bushinwa biteye impungenge. Harashobora gushyirwaho ingufu mu guteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije mu nganda zashingiwe mu bice bitandukanye nk’ikoranabuhanga rya casting, ibikoresho byo kubumba, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo guta: technology Gutera ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byo kubumba: Gutera umucanga nuburyo bukuru bw’ikoranabuhanga rya casting, bingana na 80% kugeza 90% by’umusaruro wose w’abakinnyi. Mu gutunganya umusaruro, kwanduza umukungugu, guhumanya ikirere, n’umwanda ukabije uterwa n’ibikoresho byo kubumba umucanga nibyo bikomeye. Kubwibyo, kugirango tugere ku musaruro wicyatsi kandi usukuye mu guta umucanga, icyatsi kibisi kidahinduka kigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose, kandi umubare w’imigozi wongeyeho ugomba kugabanuka uko bishoboka kose (byaba byiza udafite binders). Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mugukemura ikibazo cyo gutunganya umucanga ushaje kandi bizagabanya cyane umuvuduko wibidukikije. Muburyo butandukanye bwo guta umucanga muri iki gihe burimo, guta ifuro yatakaye hamwe na V-uburyo bwo guta ukoresheje ibumba ryumusenyi wumye wubusa, hamwe numusenyi wikirahuri wamazi hamwe nudusumari, birashoboka cyane ko bizagera kubikorwa byogukora "icyatsi kibisi kandi cyangiza ibidukikije". Ibikoresho bifata ibyuma byubusa bizwi nka "tekinolojiya mishya yo gutara yo mu kinyejana cya 21" na "icyatsi kibisi mu guta" ibikoresho byo guta: Kugeza ubu, ibyinshi mu bice by’icyuma by’Ubushinwa byashongeshejwe kandi bigakorwa hifashishijwe itanura riturika kandi rikoresha ubuzima burebure, itanura ry’icyuma gikomeza guturika, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma bya elegitoronike, bigasuka, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma; Kwemeza ingamba zasabwe n’inama mpuzamahanga ishinzwe kurwanya ibidukikije hagamijwe gutunganya mbere yo gutunganya ibikoresho by’itanura birashobora kugabanya imyuka y’umukungugu mugihe cyo gushonga; Gukoresha tekinoroji ya granulation slag tekinoroji irashobora gukora slag ibikoresho byubaka cyane; Koresha byimazeyo gazi isohoka itanura itanura. Byongeye kandi, mugukora ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho bitunganya bitanga umukungugu n urusaku, nko gutwara, kugenzura, gusukura, hamwe nibikoresho byo guta umucanga, birashobora kunozwa bivuye mubicuruzwa kugirango bigabanye cyangwa bikureho umukungugu.
3. Gutezimbere tekinolojiya mishya yo gukoresha umutungo w’imyanda yo kurengera ibidukikije no kurushaho kubungabunga umutungo wabaye intego yihutirwa ikurikiranwa n’abakozi bashinzwe imishinga mu bihugu bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, mugihe inganda zubushinwa zubaka cyangwa zigakora impinduka zikoranabuhanga, zigomba kandi guhuza ikoreshwa ryimyanda yose. Ibi birashobora gukorwa uhereye kumpande zikurikira: ① Mugihe utegura gahunda yo guhindura, banza utekereze kongera ishoramari mukurengera ibidukikije, kandi birasabwa ko ishoramari ryo kurengera ibidukikije rirenga 15% byishoramari ryose; ② Kwemeza ibikoresho byateye imbere bigizwe na mashini, byikora, kandi bifunze kugirango bigere ku ntego zo kurengera ibidukikije; ③ Kwemeza umusaruro usukuye kugirango utezimbere aho ukorera; Gutezimbere tekinolojiya mishya yo gukoresha umutungo w’imyanda ikoreshwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kujugunya imyanda y’inganda ziva mu mahanga; Gukurikiza amahame yo kugabanya, kongera gukoresha, no gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu bukungu.
Gutera icyatsi kibisi n’ibidukikije "ni uburyo bwo kwerekana ingamba zirambye z’iterambere ry’iterambere mu nganda zikora inganda. Guhera ku bushobozi bw’umusaruro, urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga, urwego rw’ibicuruzwa, gukoresha ingufu n’ibikoresho fatizo, impano y’ikoranabuhanga, urwego rw’imicungire y’ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibyuka by’umucanga w’imyanda, gaze imyanda, ivumbi, ibisigazwa by’imyanda, urusaku, n’ibindi bikorwa by’inganda zashizweho n’ibikorwa by’ibanze by’ubushinwa, hashingiwe ku bikorwa by’ibikorwa by’ibanze by’ubushinwa n’ibikorwa by’ibanze, urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, ibipimo fatizo byo kurengera ibidukikije bihuza umusaruro utandukanye mu bikorwa byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byashyizweho nkintego z’imishinga mishya yo kubaka, kuvugurura, kwagura, no guhindura ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zikora inganda mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-10-2025